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1.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(4): 623-633, Oct.-Dec. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951871

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial cells, especially microglial cells, have been implicated in persistent pain sensitization. Less is known about the role of astrocytes in pain regulation. This study aimed to observe the expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after short-term administration of central pain relievers in rats not submitted to noxious stimuli. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, receiving for nine days- (1) amitriptyline (Amt-10 mg/kg/day, by gavage); (2) gabapentin (Gb-60 mg/kg/day, by gavage; (3) methadone (Me-4.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal route [IP]); (4) morphine (Mo-10 mg/kg/day, IP); or (5) 0.9% saline solution, IP. Brain samples were collected for immunohistochemical study of GFAP expression in the mesencephalon and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The area of GFAP-positive cells was calculated using MetaMorph software and serum levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum TNF-α levels were decreased in the groups treated with Mo, Me and Gb, but not in the Amt-treated group. IL-1ß decreased only in rats treated with Me. The astrocytic expression of GFAP was decreased in the brainstem with all drugs, while it was increased in the NAc with Amt, Me and Mo


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis , Analgesics/pharmacology , Pain/drug therapy , Astrocytes/immunology , Cytokines/classification
2.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(6): 431-436, ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-685404

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetic hyperglycemia on astrocyte function, estimated by means of glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP - immunohistochemical expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male rats received a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and were submitted 10 days later to a single injection of 10 microlitres 0.1% EB solution or 0.9% saline solution into the cisterna pontis. Ten microliters of 0.1% EB or 0.9% saline solution were also injected in non-diabetic rats. Animals were anesthetized and perfused through the heart 15 and 31 days after EB or saline injection, and brainstem sections were collected for ultrastructural analysis and GFAP immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The GFAP brown-stained areas were evaluated by colorimetry using a computerized image analysis system and the results have shown that diabetes hindered the increase of GFAP astrocyte expression in the EB-injected group compared to non-diabetic animals. However, diabetes did not affect GFAP response in the saline-injected group or in control animals. CONCLUSION: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition reduced astrocytic GFAP expression following gliotoxic injury.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da hiperglicemia na função astrocitária, estimada pela expressão imuno-histoquímica da proteína glial fibrilar ácida - GFAP. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ratos machos adultos receberam uma injeção intravenosa única de estreptozotocina (50 mg/kg) e foram submetidos, 10 dias após, à injeção de 10 microlitros de solução de BE 0,1% ou de salina 0,9% na cisterna pontina. Dez microlitros de BE 0,1% ou salina 0,9% foram também injetados em ratos não diabéticos. Os animais foram anestesiados e perfundidos por via intracardíaca aos 15 e 31 dias pós-injeção de BE ou salina, e amostras de tronco encefálico foram coletadas para estudo ultraestrutural e análise imuno-histoquímica para a GFAP. RESULTADOS: Utilizando um sistema computadorizado de análise de imagens, os resultados das áreas coradas em marrom pela GFAP, medidas por colorimetria, mostram que o diabetes reduziu o aumento de expressão dessa proteína no grupo injetado com BE em comparação aos animais não diabéticos, mas não alterou a resposta no grupo injetado com salina ou nos controles diabéticos. CONCLUSÃO: O estado diabético induzido pela estreptozotocina reduziu a expressão astrocitária de GFAP após dano gliotóxico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Astrocytes/metabolism , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Brain Stem/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Brain Stem/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Ethidium/toxicity , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/adverse effects , Immunohistochemistry , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(3): 191-194, May-June 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-485626

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to verify the activity of the Tri-N-Butyl Tin maleate compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, after its industrial application in 40 samples of carpets of different materials (polypropylene, polyester, polyamide and wool). The qualitative assays were performed through two methodologies: Inhibition Halo (HZ) and Inhibition of Surface (Print). The carpet with the product inhibited 100 percent of bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Aspergillus niger) growth, under the conditions of this study. The microbial inhibition was higher in upper portion of carpets. The methodologies employed appear to be adequate to test the bactericide and fungicide activities of the Tri-N-Butyl Tin maleate. The print methodology confirmed the results obtained by the inhibition zone assay. Further studies using the same methodologies are needed to confirm our results.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a atividade do composto maleato de estanho tri-n-butílico contra Staphylococcus aureus e Aspergillus niger, após sua aplicação industrial em 40 amostras de carpetes de diferentes materiais (polipropileno, poliéster, poliamida e lã). Os ensaios qualitativos foram realizados através de duas metodologias: Zona de Inibição (ZI) e Superfície de Inibição (Impressão). Os carpetes tratados com o produto apresentaram 100 por cento de inibição de crescimento bacteriano (Staphylococcus aureus) e fúngico (Aspergillus niger), sob as condições desse estudo. A inibição de crescimento microbiano foi mais elevada na porção superior dos carpetes. As metodologias empregadas parecem ser adequadas para testar a atividade bactericida e fungicida do maleato de estanho tri-n-butílico. A metodologia de impressão confirmou os resultados obtidos no ensaio de zona de inibição. Estudos futuros utilizando as mesmas metodologias são necessários para confirmação destes dados.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus niger/drug effects , Floors and Floorcoverings , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Trialkyltin Compounds/pharmacology , Aspergillus niger/growth & development , Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 48(2): 71-75, Mar,-Apr. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-426798

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans é um fungo que ocasiona micose de alta morbidade e mortalidade, especialmente em pacientes com Aids. Muitos reservatórios de C. neoformans têm sido relatados, mas a ecologia desta levedura deve ser ainda elucidada para se estabelecer programas de vigilância e prevenção desta infecção. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a presença de C. neoformans no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Dez igrejas foram selecionadas para este estudo, coletando-se fezes de pombo, amostras de ar, das torres das igrejas e de áreas vizinhas, durante um ano. Os resultados revelaram que C. neoformans estava presente em todas as igrejas e em 37,8% das 219 amostras das excretas das aves. Ao mesmo tempo, o fungo foi isolado do solo, insetos, ovos e ninhos de pombos. Quinze (4,9%) do total das amostras de ar foram positivas. O crescimento no meio de CGB revelou que todas as amostras pertenciam a C. neoformans var. neoformans, e 98,8% destas amostras pertenciam ao sorotipo A.


Subject(s)
Animals , Columbidae/microbiology , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification , Environmental Microbiology , Brazil , Cryptococcus neoformans/genetics , Feces/microbiology , Serotyping
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